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Case Study for Evaluating Synthetic Routes Using Engineering Practices

Case Study for Evaluating Synthetic Routes Using Engineering Practices
Contributors
Organic chemistry laboratory coordinator | Michigan State University
Northwest Missouri State University
Assistant Professor | University of Texas at El Paso
Learning Objets
Summary
The purpose of this case study is to engage students in constructing an explanation of the underlying chemistry of three synthetic pathways to form an amide-bond as well as defining a sustainability problem with respect to stakeholders’ needs. The stakeholders in this case study are the "chemistry team", the "environmental team", and the "accounting team." Students in this case study spend the first hour's worth of material in the first week being scaffolded to explain the amide-bond forming from a common intermediate produced by these pathways, to form a generalized model of how the chemistry occurs. In the second week, students take their definition of the sustainability problem and are scaffolded through data to consider with respect to each stakeholder group. In the third week, the group of students use their evaluation (week 2) and their problem definition (week 1) to craft a decision memo outlining their recommendation in light of the data, the chemistry, and the needs of the stakeholders.

Additional authors: Melanie Cooper (Michigan State))
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
https://doi.org/10.59877/JLZR5445
Learning Goals/Student Objectives
1. Construct a molecular-level explanation of how and why each reaction scheme occurs using your understanding of chemistry.
2. Define the problem faced by the pharmaceutical company, including why it is a problem, the chemistry involved with the problem, the stakeholders involved, and the criteria/constraints of interest.
3. Evaluate each solution using information on the cost, percent yield, and the human and environmental hazards associated with each reaction.
4. Identify the synthetic pathway that best meets the needs of each of the three stakeholders.
5. Design a solution to the pharmaceutical company's problem and communicate your group's solution through a Decision Memo that outlines an evidence-based argument of your choice of reaction pathway.
Object Type
Assessments
Case studies
Audience
Introductory Undergraduate
Upper/Advanced Undergraduate
Common pedagogies covered
Collaborative/cooperative learning
Problem-based learning
Green Chemistry Principles
Less Hazardous Chemical Syntheses
Safer Chemistry for Accident Prevention
U.N. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Responsible Consumption and Production
Life Below Water
Safety Precautions, Hazards, and Risk Assessment
N/A, this is a dry-lab or lecture activity.
Teacher Recommendations or Piloting Data (if available)
In general, the case study could be adapted for a smaller enrollment or a course that is specific to chemistry majors by using the full EcoScale and Cost Analysis tool instead of providing values. With fewer students (or chemistry majors), the process of calculating these metrics themselves may be more relevant. In addition, if one wants to emphasize to students that there is not one clear right answer, one could adjust the cost of reagents to fluctuate based on hypothetical trade wars or other disruptions to supply chains. If one is interested in explicit perspective taking, each team member could be assigned a stakeholder perspective to gather data (SDS, prices, yields, etc.) and present to their teammates.
NGSS Standards, if applicable
While not aligned with the core ideas of NGSS specifically, the case study was designed using the 3-Dimensional Learning framework and the chemistry core ideas. More information is available in our design notes and J Chem Educ article on our design framework.

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Moderation state
Published
Time required (if applicable)
3 hours (1 hour per week)
Related Learning Objects
Other notes/information
The article describing this case study design process (with student data as examples) is available in the Journal of Chemical Education: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acs.jchemed.5c01545

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