Methylene Chloride (DCM) Replacements

This article overviews a study of the eluting properties of greener solvent systems as a replacement for dichloromethane in chromatography and chromatographic purification. A library of "drug-like" compounds was used to determine the efficacy and potential application of the greener solvent systems for purification. In particular, various mixtures of 3:1 EtOAc:EtOH in hexanes were found to have ...

This published article provides an overview of the many solvent selection guides that had been published up until that point as well as a compilation of the data from the guides to allow for a ranked comparison of all solvents, allowing for a general grouping into four categories: recommended, problematic, hazardous and highly hazardous. Of the 51 solvents considered, 17 could not be unequivocally ...

This book provides an overview of solvents and their greener alternatives, including in applications such as synthetic chemistry, purification, analytical chemistry, materials science, catalysis, and more. It also provides some of the latest evidence from the time of research into "greener" solvents, including switchable solvents and biosolvents, as well as areas of interest such as naturally ...

The greener solvent guide by Beyond Benign was created based on existing solvent selection guides available in the literature (referenced in the attached PDF). It was meant to help synthesize the information in existing guides into a simple graphic that can be quickly referenced and placed in the workplace for ease-of-use and access. The guide is often printed as a magnet and placed in ...

This article provides a ranking of and selection guide for both classical and less classical solvents, based on existing solvent selection guides as well as a set of proposed criteria on Health, Safety and Environment aligned with the Global Harmonized System (GHS) and European regulations. More details are available in the linked article.

Full citation: Prat, D.; Wells, A.; Hayler, J.; Sneddon ...

This published article provides a comprehensive overview of chlorinated solvents in medicinal and organic chemistry, including the numerous properties that have made them a historically popular choice, their significant disadvantages and health and safety considerations, and recommendations for choosing viable alternatives for numerous common reactions and laboratory applications.

Many fruits and vegetables contain essential oils, which are hydrophobic liquids responsible for their distinctive fragrance. These oils are commonly extracted for use in various industries such as perfume, cosmetics, food, medicine, and cleaning products. The traditional extraction involves steam distillation followed by liquid-liquid (solvent) extraction, which is energy-intensive and often ...

This Fact Sheet offers suggestions for selection of solvents for use in chemical reactions, extractions, and purifications in chemical research labs, including dichoromethane.

Full citation: Fact Sheet: Solvent Alternatives. (2018). University of Pennsylvania Environmental Health & Radiation Safety. https://ehrs.upenn.edu/health-safety/lab-safety/chemical-hygiene-plan/f… ...

Influencing and improving the environmental performance of a large multi-national pharmaceutical company can be achieved with the help of electronic education tools, backed up by site champions and strong site teams. This paper describes the development of two of those education tools.

Full citation: Alfonsi, K., Colberg, J., Dunn, P. J., Fevig, T., Jennings, S., Johnson, T. A., Kleine, H. P ...

This article describes a simple approach for measuring the octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow) of organic compounds using a simple miniature variation of the shake-flask method in an NMR tube, which can be quickly analyzed using a benchtop 1H NMR spectrometer. The article also details the scope and limitations of the method. Kow is an important metric for understanding bioaccumulation and ...

This review article provides an overview of dipolar aprotic and ethereal solvents and their use in synthetic organic chemistry, as well as recent legislative changes being imposed on their usage, and alternative, safer and more sustainable alternatives to consider as well as case study examples of where less desirable solvents have been successfully replaced with greener options.

This published article looks at alternative solvent options to dichloromethane (DCM) for extraction of volatile compounds. By exploring the physico-chemical properties and hazard characteristics of the solvents and analyzing their efficiency in extracting volatile compounds from a fat-free model food product, safer options to DCM were identified.

Full citation: Cayot, N.; Lafarge, C.; Bou-Maroun ...

This review article overviews solvent selection guides and explains their role in helping to choose appropriate solvents as well as highlights their similarities and differences. Provides an overview of data from (and comparison between) solvent selection guides by GSK, Sanofi, Pfizer, ACS Green Chemistry Institute, and CHEM21.

Full citation: Byrne, F.P., Jin, S., Paggiola, G. et al. Tools and ...

This published article describes the development of a comprehensive solvent selection tool and framework at AstraZeneca, as well as the significant changes and improvements over original solvent selection efforts at the company. Through consideration of chemical functionality, physical properties, regulatory concerns, and safety/health/environmental (SHE) impact, the new and improved tool allows ...